Severe bark scorpion envenomation in adults<sup/>.

INTRODUCTION

The preponderance of medical literature regarding severe bark scorpion envenomation describes pediatric patients; however, the majority (>66%) of annual poison center calls pertain to adults. This retrospective review sought to evaluate the clinical manifestations of adults with severe Centruroides sculpturatus envenomation and determine if significant morbidity occurred.

METHODS

This is a retrospective review of adults presenting to a single tertiary referral center with Grade-III or Grade-IV scorpion envenomation from 1 January 2007 to 3 March 2013. The primary objective is to describe clinical findings, treatment strategies, complications and short-term outcomes.

RESULTS

Thirty-three patients were included; 61% were female (20/33), average age was 40.7 (19-81) years. The average time to healthcare facility was 142 (14-720) minutes. The most common signs and symptoms of envenomation were: pain/paresthesias 94%, opsoclonus 82%, excessive motor activity 76%, visual disturbance 76%. Benzodiazepines 85% (29/33) and opioids 83% (28/33) were the most frequently used agents to control envenomation. Cardiac evaluation was performed in 24% of patients, 6% were pregnant and underwent fetal monitoring, 6% were intubated and 3% developed rhabdomyolysis. Average length of stay (LOS) was 28.3 (1.5-307) hours; 58% (19/33) required hospital admission. Four patients had LOS >48 h, with pre-existing cardiac disease, substance misuse disorder, acute ethanol withdrawal and medical errors identified as factors contributing to prolonged LOS.

CONCLUSIONS

Bark scorpion envenomation in adults may be severe, necessitating medical intervention and hospital admission. Comorbid conditions and complications arising from treatment may contribute to prolonged LOS.