Electrospun Fibers Encapsulating Triticum vulgare Extract as a Potential Scaffold for the Regeneration of Subepithelial Connective Tissue.

Electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) membranes incorporating Triticum vulgare extract (TVE) were developed as biomimetic scaffolds for periodontal regeneration. Using a ternary solvent system, two experimental formulations (µF-P10 and µF-P10T1) were fabricated and compared against a commercial dermal matrix. SEM analysis revealed bimodal fiber distributions (0.77-1.74 µm) and a surface porosity of 29.86% for TVE-loaded membranes, significantly higher than that of the commercial control (25.26%). FT-IR confirmed that the PCL chemical integrity was preserved, while mechanical testing showed that extract incorporation reinforced the matrix, increasing the Young's modulus from 2.90 × 103 Pa to 3.54 × 103 Pa. UHPLC-MS identified ferulic acid as the primary bioactive component (90%), with release kinetics following a first-order model (R2 = 0.998) over 48 h. Biological assays with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) confirmed non-cytotoxicity (>70% viability). While both membranes supported healing, the µF-P10 formulation showed superior performance, with 80.2% proliferation and 60.6% wound closure, approaching control levels. These findings demonstrate that PCL-TVE electrospun scaffolds effectively combine favorable morphology and controlled release, offering a promising alternative for subepithelial connective tissue regeneration.