Choanal atresia, CHARGE association, and congenital nasal stenosis.

Congenital bilateral narrowing or obstruction of the nasal airway can result in significant respiratory distress in the neonate, requiring emergency intervention. Some of these children have associated congenital malformations that may also impact on the management of the nasal anomaly. The embryology, presentation, and management of this spectrum of disorders are discussed, and the major surgical controversies are reviewed.