Recurrent pancreatic abscesses coexisting with a suspected adenocarcinoma in a cat.

CASE SUMMARY: A 13-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was referred for weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia and intermittent vomiting. Blood work demonstrated diabetes mellitus; abdominal ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic, thickened pancreas with two large fluid-filled cavities within the body and right limb. Cytology of the aspirated fluid indicated suppurative inflammation with bacterial infection, which cultured Pasteurella multocida. Medical management for diabetes mellitus and pancreatic abscessation was initiated. After approximately 4 months of antimicrobial therapy and five percutaneous drainages, clinical signs improved; nevertheless, serial abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated persistent pancreatic abscessation, while repeated cultures and antibiograms documented progressively resistant bacterial infections. The condition culminated in abscess rupture and septic peritonitis, prompting surgical drainage and omentalisation. Histopathological examination of the pancreatic parenchyma revealed severe lymphoplasmacytic pancreatitis with glandular atrophy, while evaluation of the pancreatic tissue associated with the abscess demonstrated a suspected pancreatic exocrine neoplasm, most compatible with a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.

RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: This case highlights the need for earlier consideration of surgical intervention in cases of recurrent pancreatic abscessation and underscores the importance of including concurrent pancreatic neoplasia as a differential diagnosis in chronic, non-resolving presentations.