Heptaminol-induced metabolic liver and cardiac injuries in rats: phytochemical screening, experimental, computational modelling and pharmacological study of phoenix dactylifera seeds.

Introduction: Heptaminol (HEP) is widely used and characterized by liver and cardiac risk factors, dysregulated prooxidant-antioxidant balance, and inflammation. This study aimed to study the phytochemical composition of date seeds of Phoenix dactylifera (DSPE) by GC-MS analysis and to assess the in vitro antioxidant, anticoagulant and ACE activities. Methods: The hepato and cardiotoprotective effect against HEP-induced toxicity in rats have been assessed using biochemical, histological and computational assays. Results: HEP increased the body weight, associated significant increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine kinase-MB, ACE, and troponin-T, exhibited changes in ECG pattern, including ST-segment elevation, and increased rate of TBARS with decreases in the antioxidant enzymatic. DSPE improved these biomarkers alterations through anti-oxidative and anti-coagulant activities, which were confirmed by histopathological examinations. The computational findings supported the in vivo results and showed that DSPE compounds bound Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF-1α) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF1) with acceptable affinities and molecular interactions. Conclusion: DSPE had hepato and cardioprotective effects against HEP-induced heart and liver injuries. DSPE can be used to prevent acute thrombosis due to its different bioactive compounds.