The conservative management of the unstable shoulder including rehabilitation.

The conservative management of shoulder instability depends on a well-defined program that emphasizes early diminution in the patient's symptoms, appropriate immobilization, and a well-defined precise rehabilitation program that can be individually tailored to meet the patient's needs. Immobilization should be considered in younger patients less than 20 years of age for between 3 to 4 weeks in order to enhance capsulolabral complex healing. Older patients may be immobilized for a shorter period of time. Analgesic medication and local physical therapeutic modalities may be used to decrease the patient's symptomatic complaints. Once the immobilization period has ended, a precise and specific rehabilitation program tailored for the individual needs of the patient should be undertaken. The rehabilitation program should emphasize early and safe regaining of normal ROM, strengthening of the dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder, and strengthening of the scapular stabilizing muscles of the shoulder. Finally, rehabilitation programs that enhance the patient's neuromuscular control over the glenohumeral joint should be considered in the conservative management of the unstable shoulder.