Anaerobe · 2026
Molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile clinical isolates in a tertiary-care hospital of northern Mexico: single-center real-life study.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Salas-Treviño Daniel, Flores-Treviño Samantha, Bocanegra-Ibarias Paola, Alcalá-Zúñiga Daphne, Domínguez-Rivera Cristian V, Camacho-Ortiz Adrián
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: Currently, Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. In Latin America, the most economically developed countries have seen a rise in these infections in recent years, likely driven by expanded hospital capacity and shifting demographic patterns. However, epidemiological data on CDIs in Mexico are scarce. In this study, we evaluated the current molecular epidemiological situation in a tertiary-care hospital in northern Mexico and correlated it with clinical and laboratory data to identify indicators of infection with the hypervirulent RT027 ribotype.
METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical, and observational study. Samples were collected from patients with confirmed CDIs using a two-step algorithm. Cultures and molecular analyses were performed for toxigenic classification and ribotyping of the C. difficile strains. Clinical data were also collected to perform correlation analyses with the ribotypes.
RESULTS: In this study, 71 C difficile strains were collected from 111 samples available for analysis. The genes for toxins A and B were found in 85.9% (61/71) and 81.7% (58/71) of the samples, respectively, while the gene for the binary toxin was detected in 52.1% (37/71) of the samples. RT027 was the most frequently isolated strain (50.7%, 36/71), followed by RT001 (11.3%, 8/71). None of the RTs analyzed showed significant changes over the years of analysis; however, the presence of RT002 and RT014 appeared more frequently in the later years. Patient age was slightly increased in RT027 CDIs, without reaching significance (p = 0.071); days of hospitalization, previous hospitalizations, antibiotic use, ATLAS and Charlson score values showed no differences between RT027 and other ribotypes CDIs.
CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we observed a moderate predominance of RT027 over the past four years, and the presence of various RTs associated with community-acquired CDIs. Patient age was slightly increased in patients who presented with CDI caused by RT027; however, this data was not statistically significant. More comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes and longer analysis periods are needed to determine the epidemiological shifts in C. difficile ribotypes in Mexico.
METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical, and observational study. Samples were collected from patients with confirmed CDIs using a two-step algorithm. Cultures and molecular analyses were performed for toxigenic classification and ribotyping of the C. difficile strains. Clinical data were also collected to perform correlation analyses with the ribotypes.
RESULTS: In this study, 71 C difficile strains were collected from 111 samples available for analysis. The genes for toxins A and B were found in 85.9% (61/71) and 81.7% (58/71) of the samples, respectively, while the gene for the binary toxin was detected in 52.1% (37/71) of the samples. RT027 was the most frequently isolated strain (50.7%, 36/71), followed by RT001 (11.3%, 8/71). None of the RTs analyzed showed significant changes over the years of analysis; however, the presence of RT002 and RT014 appeared more frequently in the later years. Patient age was slightly increased in RT027 CDIs, without reaching significance (p = 0.071); days of hospitalization, previous hospitalizations, antibiotic use, ATLAS and Charlson score values showed no differences between RT027 and other ribotypes CDIs.
CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we observed a moderate predominance of RT027 over the past four years, and the presence of various RTs associated with community-acquired CDIs. Patient age was slightly increased in patients who presented with CDI caused by RT027; however, this data was not statistically significant. More comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes and longer analysis periods are needed to determine the epidemiological shifts in C. difficile ribotypes in Mexico.