Giant congenital melanocytic nevi and neurocutaneous melanosis in a Sudanese girl: case report and literature review.

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a congenital disorder characterized by large or multiple melanocytic nevi and pigment cell tumors of the leptomeninges. Malignant leptomeningeal melanoma occurs in over half of the cases and has a poor prognosis. This disorder stems from melanoblast abnormalities and NRAS gene mutations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cannot distinguish between benign and malignant cases. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (CT) (PET-CT) may detect malignancies, whereas CT has limited use. We report on a 34-month-old Sudanese female patient, diagnosed with NCM, meeting the diagnostic criteria through dermatological evaluation and brain MRI. Melanoma associated with NCM is infrequently documented, presenting significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that necessitate accurate diagnosis and treatment.