Remote loading of antibacterial drug vancomycin into albumin nanoparticles via ammonium sulfate gradient for accelerated MRSA-infected wound healing.

Postoperative wound infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remain a significant clinical challenge due to biofilm formation, limited bactericidal efficiency, and poor drug penetration at surgical sites. Here, we developed albumin-templated vancomycin (Van) nanoparticles (Van@Alb NPs) as a topical therapeutic strategy to overcome these limitations. The Van@Alb NPs were synthesized through a biomimetic mineralization process using albumin as a nanoreactor for precipitating Van within albumin nanocavity via ammonium sulphate gradient. Physicochemical characterizations showed successful formulation Van@Alb NPs with a hydrodynamic particles size of ∼96 nm and uniform morphology, enhanced stability and sustained drug release kinetics. In vitro results proved enhanced antibacterial efficiency, compatibility, and wound healing ability. Notably, Van@Alb NPs accelerated wound healing, with ⁓90% closure by day 15, while avoiding systemic toxicity (no elevation in serum creatinine or liver enzymes). Histopathological analysis confirmed biocompatibility, with no tissue damage or delayed regeneration. These findings highlight Van@Alb NPs as a promising nanotherapy for postoperative infections, combining enhanced antibacterial action with healing effects. This study is promising for next generation wound infection treatments that address both microbial resistance and tissue regeneration.