Fatal Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicaemia in a haemodialysis patient: A diagnostic challenge beyond gastroenteritis.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicaemia is a rare but life-threatening infection, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients and those with iron overload states. Haemodialysis-dependent patients represent a uniquely vulnerable population owing to impaired host immunity, recurrent vascular access, and aberrant iron metabolism secondary to repeated transfusions. We report a fatal case of Y. pseudotuberculosis bloodstream infection in a 51-year-old haemodialysis-dependent male who presented with febrile illness without gastrointestinal symptoms and rapidly deteriorated to septic shock and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). This case highlights the evolving diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by invasive Y. pseudotuberculosis infection.