Direct demonstration of gas diffusion into the middle ear.

The gas composition of the middle ear differs from that of air, and resembles the gas composition of mixed venous blood. This observation suggests the existence of a bi-directional route for gas diffusion between the middle ear and blood. In an attempt to demonstrate this route in a direct way, we tracheotomized guinea pigs in such a way that they breathed freon-22 directly into the distal part of their tracheostomy. The proximal part of the trachea was sealed so that air by-passed the oropharynx and nasopharynx, thus preventing freon-22 from making contact with the eustachian tube orifice. At the same time middle ear gases were monitored with a mass spectrometer, through a measuring probe which was inserted into a hole in the bulla. The appearance of freon-22 in all middle ears--after 8 min on the average--demonstrated direct gas diffusion from the blood into the middle ear, since freon-22 could reach the middle ear only from the blood stream, i.e., by diffusion. Differences in gas diffusion rates into and from the middle ear may therefore play a role in regulating middle ear gas economy, and therefore in middle ear pressure.