Transfer of a single fresh in vitro-produced embryo may prevent twin pregnancy without compromising the fertility of the cow.

This study examines whether the transfer of a fresh in vitro-produced (IVP) embryo can avoid the risk of twin pregnancy without reducing the fertility of a cow. The study population was comprised of 416 lactating dairy cows synchronized for oestrus: 294 were fixed-time inseminated (AI cows), and 122 were given GnRH treatment at the time of embryo transfer (ET) an IVP embryo (ET cows). Of the 416 cows, 167 (40.1%) became pregnant. Twin pregnancy was recorded in 20.8% of the AI pregnant cows (21/101), whereas no ET cows had twins (0/66). Significant interaction (p < .01) was observed between breeding technique and the period of the year for the likelihood of pregnancy. This meant that using AI cows during the warm period (May-September) as reference, the odds ratio for pregnancy in ET cows during the warm period was 3.4 (p = .001). In conclusion, transfer of a single fresh IVP embryo proved useful to prevent the risk of twin pregnancy without affecting fertility.