Veterinary medicine and science · 2026
Pharmacokinetics of Flunixin and Tolfenamic Acid in Experimental Endotoxemic Awassi Sheep.
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Altinok-Yipel Fulya, Corum Orhan, Durna Corum Duygu, Turk Erdinc, Yildiz Ramazan, Guvenc Mehmet, Ilhan Aysun, Uney Kamil
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic alterations of flunixin and tolfenamic acid in experimental endotoxemic sheep.
METHODS: The study was conducted on 12 healthy Awassi sheep. The sheep were divided into two equal groups, tolfenamic acid (n = 6) and flunixin (n = 6), and the study in each group was carried out in two stages. The initial stage involved the intravenous (IV) administration of flunixin and tolfenamic acid to healthy sheep at doses of 2.2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively. In the second stage, sheep were administered LPS (E. coli O55:B5, 10 µg/kg) followed by IV administration of tolfenamic acid and flunixin. The analysis of drugs was performed using HPLC-UV, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis.
RESULTS: The t1/2ʎz, ClT, and Vdss values were found to be 3.74 h, 0.17 L/h/kg, and 0.54 L/kg for tolfenamic acid and 3.14 h, 0.04 L/h/kg, and 0.12 L/kg for flunixin in healthy sheep, respectively. Both drugs showed longer t1/2ʎz and MRT0-∞, higher AUC0-∞, and lower ClT in endotoxemic sheep compared to healthy sheep. The Vdss values of both drugs were similar between healthy sheep and endotoxemic sheep.
CONCLUSIONS: The altered pharmacokinetics of flunixin and tolfenamic acid in endotoxemic sheep suggest that dose adjustments and careful therapeutic monitoring are necessary to maintain efficacy and safety.
METHODS: The study was conducted on 12 healthy Awassi sheep. The sheep were divided into two equal groups, tolfenamic acid (n = 6) and flunixin (n = 6), and the study in each group was carried out in two stages. The initial stage involved the intravenous (IV) administration of flunixin and tolfenamic acid to healthy sheep at doses of 2.2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively. In the second stage, sheep were administered LPS (E. coli O55:B5, 10 µg/kg) followed by IV administration of tolfenamic acid and flunixin. The analysis of drugs was performed using HPLC-UV, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis.
RESULTS: The t1/2ʎz, ClT, and Vdss values were found to be 3.74 h, 0.17 L/h/kg, and 0.54 L/kg for tolfenamic acid and 3.14 h, 0.04 L/h/kg, and 0.12 L/kg for flunixin in healthy sheep, respectively. Both drugs showed longer t1/2ʎz and MRT0-∞, higher AUC0-∞, and lower ClT in endotoxemic sheep compared to healthy sheep. The Vdss values of both drugs were similar between healthy sheep and endotoxemic sheep.
CONCLUSIONS: The altered pharmacokinetics of flunixin and tolfenamic acid in endotoxemic sheep suggest that dose adjustments and careful therapeutic monitoring are necessary to maintain efficacy and safety.