Biofluid-changeable glucose sensing system with nanostructures modified electrode for portable monitoring of distinct pathologic conditions.

Glucose serves as a crucial carbon and energy source, existing in various biofluids and acting as a biomarker for several pathologic processes, including blood glucose for diabetes and ascitic glucose for peritoneal carcinomatosis and peritonitis. So, a portable device which enable glucose detection in multiple biofluids is a good strategy to improve medical level, especially for low-resource region. This study developed a Pt-Ni nanocomposite and silica nanoporous membrane-modified electrode, to enhance glucose detection sensitivity, reduce interferences, and improve stability. A dilution method with sodium hydroxide solution enabled a single device to monitor blood and ascites, requiring 40-fold dilution for blood and 15-fold dilution for ascites. A thumb-sized electrochemical circuit board was developed to conduct electrochemical tests and transmit data to a Bluetooth-enabled smartphone. The accuracy of this portable system was validated against a biochemical analyzer using human samples, including diabetic whole blood and pathological ascites, yielding an r value of 0.9309. This study presents a strategy to broaden the application scenarios of glucose sensors, while also providing a model adaptable to various sensor types.