Open veterinary journal · 2025
Detection of virulence factors of Escherichia Coli strains isolated from calves diarrhea and their resistance to antibiotics in Hama Governorate, Syria.
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Albaker Aseem, Saleh Maher, Alsaleh Ashraf
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea poses a major threat to calf herds, causing severe economic losses. Escherichia coli is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in animals, such as Enterotoxogenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Enterohemolytic E. coli (EHEC). Multidrug-resistant E. coli is emerging as a serious public health hazard.
AIM: This study aimed to detect some virulence factors in Escherichia coli (sta, eae, stx 1, and stx 2) and to detect the antibiotic resistance rates of these bacterial strains.
METHODS: Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 60 diarrheic calves on MacConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue agar, following Gram staining. Biochemical characterization for the subsequent steps was performed using the Hi25™ Enterobacteriaceae Identification Kit (KB003). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect virulence genes (sta, eae, stx 1, stx 2). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method.
RESULTS: Escherichia coli was found in 53 of 60 diarrheic calves. Screening for virulence-associated genes revealed the following pathotype distribution: ETEC (carrying sta gene) 16.98%, EPEC (carrying eae gene) 13.21%, EHEC (carrying stx + eae genes) 13.21%, STEC carrying stx 1 and/or stx 2 only) 32.07%, and hybrid strains (carrying mixed virulence genes from multiple pathotypes): 5.66%, while nonpathogenic strains (lacking all tested virulence genes) 18.87%. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the study demonstrated high resistance to penicillin-G (92.5%) and amoxicillin (88.7%), while showing the highest sensitivity to ceftiofur (82.1%) and ciprofloxacin (79.2%).
CONCLUSION: The pathogenic E. coli strains represent one of the most significant causative agents of diarrhea in the calf. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in animals poses a potential threat to human public health.
AIM: This study aimed to detect some virulence factors in Escherichia coli (sta, eae, stx 1, and stx 2) and to detect the antibiotic resistance rates of these bacterial strains.
METHODS: Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 60 diarrheic calves on MacConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue agar, following Gram staining. Biochemical characterization for the subsequent steps was performed using the Hi25™ Enterobacteriaceae Identification Kit (KB003). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect virulence genes (sta, eae, stx 1, stx 2). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method.
RESULTS: Escherichia coli was found in 53 of 60 diarrheic calves. Screening for virulence-associated genes revealed the following pathotype distribution: ETEC (carrying sta gene) 16.98%, EPEC (carrying eae gene) 13.21%, EHEC (carrying stx + eae genes) 13.21%, STEC carrying stx 1 and/or stx 2 only) 32.07%, and hybrid strains (carrying mixed virulence genes from multiple pathotypes): 5.66%, while nonpathogenic strains (lacking all tested virulence genes) 18.87%. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the study demonstrated high resistance to penicillin-G (92.5%) and amoxicillin (88.7%), while showing the highest sensitivity to ceftiofur (82.1%) and ciprofloxacin (79.2%).
CONCLUSION: The pathogenic E. coli strains represent one of the most significant causative agents of diarrhea in the calf. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in animals poses a potential threat to human public health.