[The 502nd case: thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and spontaneous rupture of the spleen].

A young man with a history of thrombocytopenia for seven years presented with splenomegaly and fever and rapidly evolved to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hemorrhagic shock. Spontaneous rupture of the spleen was diagnosed. The critical patient underwent an emergency splenectomy. Pathological examination revealed splenic peliosis, an extremely rare disease with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Despite the high mortality rate due to spontaneous splenic rupture with DIC, the patient was successfully treated and the details of the case are presented in this report.