Anaphylaxis to wheat beer.

BACKGROUND

Despite its worldwide and abundant consumption, beer has rarely been found to cause anaphylaxis. Barley malt contained in lager beers seems to be an important elicitor.

OBJECTIVE

To report the unusual case of severe anaphylaxis following the ingestion of wheat beer.

METHODS

A 59-year-old man experienced angioedema, generalized urticaria, and unconsciousness after ingestion of wheat beer. He tolerated lager beer well. For diagnostic evaluation, skin prick tests, oral challenge tests, and identification of specific IgE antibodies were performed.

RESULTS

Skin prick test results with standard series of common aeroallergens and food allergens were negative with the exception of a 1 + reaction to wheat flour. The results of skin prick tests with native materials were positive for 2 brands of wheat beer and wheat malt shred but negative for baker's yeast, hops, and a brand of lager beer. Oral challenges with wheat beer or wheat flour elicited urticaria. By CAP-FEIA, specific IgE antibodies to wheat and barley flour but not to hops or baker's yeast were found in serum. Immunoblot analysis revealed that patient's IgE was bound to a protein of approximately 35 kDa in wheat extract.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first report, to our knowledge, on anaphylaxis to beer attributable to wheat allergy.