Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Young Male With Concurrent Neurosyphilis and HIV Infection: A Case Report.

BackgroundThe co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and neurosyphilis presents a significant clinical challenge due to the increased risk of opportunistic infections, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).Case PresentationA 23-year-old unmarried male with an unprotected sexual history presented with progressive right upper limb weakness and slurred speech for 10 days. He was diagnosed with HIV and neurosyphilis co-infection, and neuroimaging/cerebrospinal fluid studies confirmed PML.ConclusionsThis case highlights the importance of screening for HIV and neurosyphilis in young patients with neurological symptoms and the need for awareness of opportunistic infections such as PML in immunocompromised individuals.