Mycobacteroides abscessus infection in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot.

A 58-year-old woman with tetralogy of Fallot was referred to our hospital with a 2-month history of hemoptysis and low-grade fever. The sputum smear on admission showed positive results for acid-fast bacilli, and comparative genomic analysis of the cultured sputum confirmed Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus infection. Long-term combination antimicrobial therapy gradually improved the patient's symptoms. Although non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection is rarely observed in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease, a worldwide increase in non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections may increase the incidence of this rare combination.