Diabetes Update: Primary Care of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

The incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are increasing among white, black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals in the United States. Children often present with acute symptoms, including severe polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and ketonemia; adults may develop more gradual symptoms that initially appear similar to those of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults and maturity-onset diabetes of the young are conditions that may be confused with T1D, although they are actually more closely related to T2D. Insulin analogues, continuous blood glucose level monitoring, and insulin pumps provide increased flexibility in T1D management. Noninsulin therapies also are being studied for management of T1D and T2D. The tailoring care of plans to the developmental age of each patient is critical to provide necessary screening and prevent common complications.