Sex and age-related implications for preventive measures of intensive care admitted traumatic brain injury patients in Switzerland: an observational study.

PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Switzerland have, to date, poorly investigated sex-related differences in causality and predisposing factors. This study examines differences in sex and age related TBI epidemiology in a high-volume trauma centre intensive care unit (ICU) cohort, aiming to identify potential targets for prevention.

METHODS

This retrospective, single centre study includes all consecutive TBI patients admitted to the ICU in a 4-year study period. Patient demographics, comorbidities, co-medication, trauma setting and associated risk behaviour were compared between sexes and age groups (over/under 65 years).

RESULTS

592 patients (73.3% male, 26.7% female) were included. The leading cause of TBI was falls (52.4%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTA) (35.8%). Overall, men were more likely to suffer from a road traffic accident, while women were more likely to suffer a low energy fall. No differences in injury severity and comorbidities between sexes were observed. Young patients most likely suffered from a RTA while older patients from a low energy fall irrespective of sex. Both sexes portrayed risk associated behaviors with higher rates of alcohol intoxication in males, while females were less likely to wear a helmet in two-wheeled RTAs.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that sex- and age-related epidemiologic differences in TBI exist. Our results suggest that sex and age-specific prevention measures might be advisable for optimal mitigation of TBI and its sequelae.