[Syphilis: what's new?].

Syphilis : what's new ? Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. It is strongly resurgent since the end of the 1990s especially in the MSM community. The diagnosis is serological, sometimes confirmed by the direct examination of a mucocutaneous lesion. Neurological and ophthalmological localizations may be early and involve functional prognosis. Treatment normally relies on intramuscular benzathine penicillin or oral doxycycline. The effectiveness of the treatment is judged on the decrease of the quantitative VDRL.