A multiple signal-amplified electrochemiluminescence biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of bladder cancer-associated circRNA in urine.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was constructed for circular RNA detection by integrating an Fe-based metal-organic framework functionalized with gold nanoparticles (Fe-MOF@AuNPs) with rolling circle amplification (RCA) and cyclic amplification. The platform demonstrated excellent performance in urine samples, highlighting its potential for non-invasive early clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.