Sage open pediatrics · 2026
Determinants of Early Child Development.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Itova Tatyana
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Early childhood development is shaped by interactions between biological, prenatal, nutritional, and social factors. Evidence regarding their domain-specific associations across ASQ-3 domains remains limited in Eastern Europe.
OBJECTIVES: To examine biological, prenatal, nutritional, and social predictors of developmental outcomes measured with the ASQ-3.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 167 full-term Bulgarian children aged 14-42 months. Parents completed age-appropriate ASQ-3 questionnaires and a structured survey on prenatal and family characteristics. Raw ASQ-3 scores were converted into age-standardized Z-scores. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for each domain.
RESULTS: Longer breastfeeding duration was positively associated with communication, fine motor, and problem-solving outcomes. Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with lower communication, fine motor, and problem-solving scores. Communication outcomes were additionally associated with residential setting and bilingual home environment. No significant predictors were identified for gross motor development.
CONCLUSIONS: Early developmental domains demonstrate distinct associations with prenatal, nutritional, and social factors.
OBJECTIVES: To examine biological, prenatal, nutritional, and social predictors of developmental outcomes measured with the ASQ-3.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 167 full-term Bulgarian children aged 14-42 months. Parents completed age-appropriate ASQ-3 questionnaires and a structured survey on prenatal and family characteristics. Raw ASQ-3 scores were converted into age-standardized Z-scores. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for each domain.
RESULTS: Longer breastfeeding duration was positively associated with communication, fine motor, and problem-solving outcomes. Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with lower communication, fine motor, and problem-solving scores. Communication outcomes were additionally associated with residential setting and bilingual home environment. No significant predictors were identified for gross motor development.
CONCLUSIONS: Early developmental domains demonstrate distinct associations with prenatal, nutritional, and social factors.