Tigliane and daphnane diterpenoid glucosides from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana: isolation, structural elucidation, and anti-inflammatory activity.

A phytochemical investigation of the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana led to the isolation of four tigliane-type diterpenoid glucosides (1-2, 4, and 5) and two daphnane-type diterpenoid glucosides (3 and 6). Compounds 1-3 represent previously undescribed structures. Their chemical structures were fully elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, IR and NMR experiments. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1-6 is also proposed. In bioactivity tests, compounds 2, 4, and 5 exhibited notable inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, suggesting their potential anti-inflammatory activity.