Scientific data · 2026
A telomere-to-telomere gapless genome assembly of the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang).
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Wuyun Bilige, Liu Jie, Wu Rihan, Li Yunxia, Liu Fangyuan, Zhao Hengquan, Hao Chunxia, Zhao Gaoping, Sun Wei, Song Yongli, Wang Wei, Wang Yu, Ma Cunxin, Xu Fengyi, He Jian, Wang Pengyue, Bao Xiangnan, Cao Guifang, Zhang Yong, Lu Ying, Li Xihe
Аннотация
As a First-Class Protected species in China, the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang) is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and exhibits remarkable adaptation to extreme high-altitude environments characterized by low oxygen, cold temperatures, and high UV radiation. To explore its genetic basis and evolutionary adaptations, we generated the first telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gapless genome using an integrated sequencing strategy that combined PacBio HiFi, ultra-long Oxford Nanopore (ONT), Hi-C, and BGI short-read technologies. The resulting 2.49 Gb assembly achieved a contig N50 of 107.02 Mb, comprising all 54 telomeres and 27 centromeres across 25 pairs of autosomes and the X/Y chromosomes, and reached 99.94% BUSCO completeness. Genome annotation predicted 907 Mb of repetitive sequences (36.52% of the genome) and 24,005 protein-coding genes. Comparative and technical analyses confirmed high assembly continuity, completeness, and accuracy, with a consensus quality value (QV) of 64.73, providing a robust genomic reference for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms and adaptive traits of this iconic high-altitude ungulate.