A rare benign chondroid tumor of the main pulmonary artery.

BackgroundPrimary tumors of the pulmonary artery are rare and frequently misdiagnosed as thromboembolic disease. Benign chondroid tumors arising from this location are exceptionally uncommon.Case DescriptionA 23-year-old man presented with exertional dyspnea and syncope. Imaging revealed a well-defined mass occupying the main pulmonary artery. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed no metabolic activity. The mass was completely excised under cardiopulmonary bypass. Histopathological examination demonstrated mature hyaline cartilage with low proliferative activity, consistent with a benign chondroid tumor. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed at 12-month follow-up. This case highlights a rare benign etiology of pulmonary artery obstruction. Surgical resection remains the definitive diagnostic and therapeutic approach in selected patients with atypical intraluminal pulmonary artery masses.