Current hepatology reports · 2025
Hepatic Hydrothorax: A Review.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Ismail Abdellatif, Awadalla Mohanad, Pothuraju Suvisesh, Singal Ashwani K
Аннотация
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: To review epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of hepatic hydrothorax.
RECENT FINDINGS: Refractory hepatic hydrothorax is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Allocation of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease exception points for patients with refractory hydrothorax was found to be associated with a significant reduction in post liver transplant mortality.
SUMMARY: Hepatic hydrothorax, pleural effusion in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis without primary pleural and cardiopulmonary pathology is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Pathogenesis is a combination of salt and water retention and unidirectional movement of fluid from the peritoneal to the thoracic cavity. Diagnosis relies on pleural fluid analysis and ruling out a primary pleural and cardiopulmonary pathology. Management is complex and requires a stepwise and multidisciplinary approach. All patients with refractory hydrothorax should be evaluated for liver transplant.
RECENT FINDINGS: Refractory hepatic hydrothorax is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Allocation of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease exception points for patients with refractory hydrothorax was found to be associated with a significant reduction in post liver transplant mortality.
SUMMARY: Hepatic hydrothorax, pleural effusion in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis without primary pleural and cardiopulmonary pathology is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Pathogenesis is a combination of salt and water retention and unidirectional movement of fluid from the peritoneal to the thoracic cavity. Diagnosis relies on pleural fluid analysis and ruling out a primary pleural and cardiopulmonary pathology. Management is complex and requires a stepwise and multidisciplinary approach. All patients with refractory hydrothorax should be evaluated for liver transplant.