The Challenge of Melanoma Chemoprevention.

Melanoma is a treatment-resistant cancer of melanocytes. There is a serious unmet need for chemopreventive agents that can inhibit their evolution from preexisting dysplastic nevi. Low-dose aspirin and NSAIDs are potential chemopreventive candidates because they inhibit the enzyme COX-2 which has a number of procarcinogenic effects. Unfortunately, the clinical trial reported by Okwundu and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Prevention Research did not show an effect of aspirin on biomarkers associated with progression of premalignant dysplastic nevi to melanomas. Further clinical trials with other aspirin or NSAID biomarkers or clinical trials with other potential chemopreventive agents offer hope to those who are at increased risk for melanomas.See related article, p. 129.