Advanced ionic antibacterial solutions for dental caries prevention with enhanced aesthetic and demineralization functions.

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is a widely used agent for non-surgical dental caries treatment, offering effective antibacterial and remineralization benefits. However, its high silver ion concentration often results in black stains on treated surfaces, limiting patient acceptance due to aesthetic concerns. This study introduces a novel anti-caries solution incorporating zinc, titanium, and silicon ions, along with silver nanoparticles, to address these limitations. The formulation enables controlled ion release into dentinal tubules, providing sustained antibacterial effects while minimizing discoloration. It demonstrated superior biocompatibility with L929 and HGF-1 cells and reduced staining compared to SDF. Simulated oral environment tests confirmed its ability to form protective crystals, enhance dentin hardness, and inhibit collagen degradation, effectively suppressing caries progression. This solution offers an improved aesthetic and therapeutic option, particularly benefiting pediatric and special-needs patients.