Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis: a rare entity resembling prostate adenocarcinoma with magnetic resonance image picture.

Granulomatous prostatitis, characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation in the prostate, is rare. Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is an even rarer granulomatous inflammation. We present a 74-year-old man who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms and elevated prostate specific antigen. A transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy was performed, and pathological results showed foamy macrophage and inflammatory cell infiltrates, which were a distinctive feature of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. We also present the characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging in xanthogranulomatous prostatitis which has never been previously described.