Hydrogen sulfide and its donors for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: A comprehensive review.

This article reviews the potential role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its donors in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI), a common form of neurotrauma with a complex pathomechanism involving cerebral edema, cell death, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. As an endogenous regulatory molecule, H2S possesses various protective effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cellular death. The article discusses the endogenous pathways of H2S production (via CSE, CBS, and 3-MST enzymes) and the application of exogenous donors (e.g., inorganic sulfides and synthetic donors). In addition, novel delivery systems combining H2S with biomaterials, such as hydrogels, electrospun fibers, and nanocarriers, were explored to enhance therapeutic efficacy. It was shown that H2S has a wide range of neuroprotective effects in TBI and may be an important target for future treatment of TBI.