Vaginal colonization by bacteria and yeast.

A number of different factors have been found to influence the microflora of the vagina. Studies showing an increased rate of colonization associated with pregnancy, menses, oral contraceptive use, and estrogen replacement therapy illustrate the influence of hormones, glycogen content, and pH on vaginal colonization. The microorganisms found in the vagina may also be dependent on the existence of specific attachment sites, which may differ in the various areas of the vagina. Vaginal colonization appears to be altered in patients with diabetes mellitus, those receiving steroid therapy, and immunosuppressed individuals. Surgical manipulation of the vagina and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may also contribute to the growth of organisms in the vaginal tract.