Risk Factors of Subchorionic Hematoma Under Assisted Reproductive Technology.

AIM: With the widespread use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), the incidence of subchorionic hematoma (SCH), a pregnancy-related complication that poses a serious threat to the health of both mother and child, has increased significantly. This review systematically investigates the pathogenesis and risk factors of SCH in the context of ART, focusing on the relationship between the occurrence of ART and SCH.

METHODS

Literature was retrieved using the PubMed database. Search terms: subchorionic hematoma. Search language: English.

SEARCH PERIOD: 1975-2025. A total of 278 studies were retrieved, and 50 were ultimately included after manual screening.

RESULTS

The study showed that high estrogen and progesterone levels in fresh embryo transfer, frozen-thawed embryo transfer, low blastocyst trophoblast cell grading, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), tubal hydrocele, and the use of low-dose aspirin during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of SCH IVF, as a central risk factor for SCH, and its operational procedures (e.g., embryo transfer stage, hormone regulation) may induce hematoma formation by interfering with endometrial angiogenesis and placental development.

CONCLUSIONS

This article provides an evidence-based basis for clinical screening, individualized intervention, and pregnancy management of SCH. The findings suggest that further high-quality studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of each risk factor and optimize the pregnancy outcomes of ART patients.