Reversion of duck hepatitis B virus DNA replication in vivo following cessation of treatment with the nucleoside analogue ganciclovir.

In order to define, in more detail, the virological events which occur after completion of antiviral chemotherapy, ducks congenitally infected with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were treated for 4 weeks with the nucleoside analogue ganciclovir and followed up over a 7-day period. Specimens of serum and liver were collected daily during follow-up for virological analysis. Treatment resulted in a substantial reduction in both viraemia and liver DHBV DNA replicative intermediates. However, after cessation of treatment, viraemia returned to detectable levels within 4 days. In the liver, the viral supercoiled DNA (SC DNA) was the form least affected by therapy and returned to near control levels by day 2 post-treatment. The other hepatic replicative intermediates reached pretreatment levels within 4 days of cessation of therapy. This study has defined the kinetics of relapse of viral replication after completion of antiviral therapy in the duck hepatitis B model. Of all viral replicative forms, the SC DNA appears to be the one which is most resistant to nucleoside analogue therapy and is presumably responsible for the relapse phenomenon observed post-treatment.