Current and Future Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Diagnose and Treat Male Infertility.

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are being increasingly applied to modern medicine. Within the field of urology, reproductive urology specifically offers many opportunities to utilize this advanced computational technology for diagnostic and therapeutic benefit. While the use of AI models in diagnosing and treating male infertility remains in its early days, current and future applications of these models include automation of semen analysis testing; predicting semen quality; identifying subsets of infertile men most likely to benefit from surgical treatment (i.e., varicocelectomy, surgical sperm retrieval); identifying rare sperm from testis tissue; and selecting optimal sperm for in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In this chapter, we review the current literature surrounding these applications and discuss opportunities for future research.