Limb Apraxia: a Disorder of Learned Skilled Movement.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This chapter focuses on limb apraxia, a cognitive-motor disorder of learned skilled movement, and the nature of the spatiotemporal errors that disrupt movement sequences.

RECENT FINDINGS: A cognitive model that attempts to reconcile conceptual and preparatory aspects of the motor program with perceptual and kinematic features will be discussed. An update on the localization of the praxis network will be provided. In addition, a long-held view that limb apraxia does not have ecological relevance will be disputed in the context of studies that have shown that limb apraxia (i) is one of the most important predictors of increased caregiver burden and (ii) is associated with impaired activities of daily living in post-stroke patients. This review summarizes current screening tools and the few randomized clinical controlled treatment studies to date. Limb apraxia is underdiagnosed and very few therapeutic options are available. Cognitive process models should be used to inform future controlled multi-modal treatment strategies.