Nature · 2026

Reference genomes and fossils revise bat family phylogeny and biogeography.

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Morales Ariadna E, Liang Yan, Thomas William R, Leushkin Evgeny V, Castellanos Francisco X, Larkin Denis M, Brown Tom, Fromm Bastian, Hand Suzanne J, Huang Zixia, Hughes Graham M, Jones Matthew F, Lim Burton K, Mai Meike, Myers Eugene W, Pippel Martin, Puechmaille Sebastien J, Simmons Nancy B, Abueg Linelle Ann L, Ahituv Nadav, AlAbdulsalam Zahran A, Alvarez van Tussenbroek Ine, Aparicio Dineilys V, Arcila Hernández Lina M, Ben Hamadou Alexander, Benda Petr, Blaxter Mark, Borisenko Alex V, Brocca Jorge, Cabezón Nair, Carbone Lucia, Carvajal Jose I, Chan Wharton O Y, Davis Paul, Dechmann Dina K N, Denzinger Annette, Eger Judith L, Eiseb Seth J, Enard David, Engstrom Mark D, Foley Nicole M, Formenti Giulio, Fuller Jackson, Galván Ismael, Gamage Akshamal M, Gemmell Neil J, Gillum Joanne E, Gonzales-Irribarren Alejandro, Gonzalez Mailyn A, Goodman Steven M, Gray Jonathan, Greve Carola, Guernsey Michael W, Gutiérrez Edgar G, Guttman Yelena, Hackenberg Michael, Hilario Elena, Hilgers Leon, Horsley Thomas W, de Waal Melissa R, Jafferally Deirdre M, Jarvis Erich D, Joemratie Sahieda A, Knörnschild Mirjam, Kohles Jenna E, Kontopoulos Dimitrios-Georgios, Koo Bonhwang, Lauterbur M Elise, Letko Michael, Lewin Harris A, Liu Shenglin, Lizamore Darrell K, Lloyd Brian D, Loureiro Livia, MacSwiney G M Cristina, Malovichko Yury V, McCaffrey Kirsty, Melville Dominik W, Meyer Magdalena, Mgoola William O, Muffato Matthieu, Munster Vincent J, Murphy William J, Nagy Martina, Nesi Nicolas, Nevonen Kimberly A, Nicolaou Haris, Nkrumah Evans E, Norman Zacharias, O'Toole Brian P, Olson Sarah H, Ondzie Alain, Opoku Bismark A, Ortega Jorge, Pearman William S, Perez-Llanos Francy J, Phelps Kendra L, Pieri Myrtani, Power Sarahjane, Prylutskyi Maksym, Pulido-Santacruz Paola, Qi Guoying, Rodríguez-Herrera Bernal, Rojas Danny, Roopsind Indranee, Rossiter Stephen J, Scharff Constance, Schell Tilman, Seifert Stephanie N, Simal Fernando, Soisook Pipat, Sommer Simone, Spalton Andrew, Stone Emma L, Sudmant Peter H, Talbot Sam, Timm Robert M, Uelze Laura, Upham Nathan S, Uvizl Marek, Vallo Peter, Vazquez Juan M, Wang Lin-Fa, Watson Linet C, Whitby Daniel, Winkler Sylke, Winter York, Yohe Laurel R, Zavodna Monika, Zhang Ning, Zhao Huabin, Ray David A, Vernes Sonja C, Dávalos Liliana M, Hiller Michael, Teeling Emma C

Аннотация

Bats are extraordinary among mammals, having uniquely evolved powered flight and laryngeal echolocation, along with disease resistance, extended healthspans and the ability to hibernate1. However, the evolutionary history of bats and the understanding of these adaptations remain unresolved. We analysed chromosome-level, long-read genome assemblies from 103 bat species, including 42 new assemblies, representing all 21 bat families. This dataset, expanded in scope and assembly quality, yielded a new bat phylogeny. We placed Myzopodidae as the earliest branch within Vespertilionoidea, and resolved yangochiropteran relationships, identifying Emballonuroidea and Vespertilionoidea as sister groups. Our analysis revealed a mosaic evolutionary history across bats and explained why previous phylogenetic studies were misled. Chromosomal ancestral-state reconstructions supported 26 ancestral bat chromosomes. We integrated a morphological dataset of 699 characters for 65 species, including 44 pre-Quaternary fossils and representatives of most living bat families, with neutrally evolving genomic sites. Fossilized birth-death and dispersal-extinction cladogenesis analyses showed that bats, and thus powered flight, probably originated in Europe in the late Palaeocene, refuting African and North American origins. Placement of the fossil †Vielasia in the oldest 'Eochiroptera' clade indicates that laryngeal echolocation predates crown-bat diversification. Total evidence dating, including the fossil taxa, significantly reduced unrepresented basal branch lengths compared with molecular-only divergence estimates. By integrating comprehensive genomic and morphological datasets, analysed using innovative methods, we resolve long-standing controversies in bat biology and provide new insights into the evolutionary history and trait diversification of bats.

Reference genomes and fossils revise bat family phylogeny and biogeography.

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Аннотация