A new echocardiographic index to select patients for PFO suture-mediated percutaneous closure.

OBJECTIVES

To identify a simple echocardiographic predictor of procedural success to select patient for percutaneous suture-mediated patent fossa ovalis (PFO) closure.

BACKGROUND

Percutaneous suture-mediated PFO closure has been shown as a safe and advantageous alternative to device-based PFO closure, yet its overall success is slightly lower in unselected patients.

METHODS

Preprocedural transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) of 302 patients (113 men, 45 ± 12 years) who underwent percutaneous suture-mediated PFO closure were reviewed.

RESULTS

At echocardiographic follow-up (3-6 months), residual right-to-left shunt (RLS) ≥2 was found in 60 (19.9%) patients. At multivariable analysis, only two anatomical variables measured at preprocedural TEE were found as independent predictors of residual RLS ≥ 2 at follow-up: PFO maximum width (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-3.40, p = 0.02) and PFO minimal septa overlapping (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.88, p = 0.02). An index based on the ratio of PFO maximum width to PFO minimum septal overlapping (W/SO) proved to be the most powerful predictor of RLS ≥ 2 at follow-up (OR 48.1, 95% CI 9.3-352.2, p < 0.01). The ROC curve for the W/SO ratio was found to have an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.93) and a cut-off value of 0.61 yielding a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 78% with a negative predictive value of 94%. A decision tree methodology's AUC was 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.83).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study indicate that the ratio between the maximum amplitude of the PFO and the minimum overlap of the septa is the best predictive index of a favorable result by using one stitch only.