Exploring the Neuroprotective Potential of Polyphenolic Compounds in Mitigating Quinolinic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND

Quinolinic Acid (QA), a neurotoxic metabolite in the kynurenine pathway, contributes to neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, playing a key role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of polyphenolic compounds, particularly lycopene and a Curcumin-Zinc (Cur-Zn) complex, using in- -silico and in-vitro approaches targeting the kynurenine pathway.

METHODOLOGY: This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of lycopene and Cur-Zn complex using in-silico and in-vitro approaches. Molecular docking was performed to assess their binding affinities with the kynurenine pathway enzymes, and in-vitro neuroprotection assays on N2a cells measured their efficacy against QA-induced oxidative stress.

RESULTS

Docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities of Cur-Zn and lycopene to IDO1 and KMO, with fitness scores of 143.11 and 126.41, respectively, indicating their potential as enzyme- specific inhibitors. Lycopene exhibited the most potent neuroprotective effect (IC50 = 0.63 μM), followed by Cur-Zn (1.59 μM). Both compounds significantly reduced QA-induced ROS levels, as confirmed by DCFDA fluorescence imaging. Additionally, they upregulated KAT and QPRT enzymes, promoting neuroprotective metabolite production.

DISCUSSION: Lycopene and Cur-Zn effectively modulate key kynurenine pathway enzymes while mitigating oxidative stress, supporting their potential as neuroprotective agents. Although bisabolol and bromelain exhibited some efficacy, their effects were comparatively lower.

CONCLUSION

Lycopene and Cur-Zn are promising candidates for AD therapy, demonstrating not only anti-oxidant activity but also a capacity to minimise the neurotoxic effects of QA, offering a dual mechanism of action. Further, in-vivo studies are needed to validate their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.