Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2025
Synergetic effect of ZnO-doped dendritic porous silica and barium glass powder as functional bimodal fillers for dental composite applications.
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Duan Ci, Wang Junjun, Li Maosheng, Wang Ruili
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Porous silica particles have received attention in dental composites owing to their ability to form micromechanical matrix/filler interlocking and serve as the suitable carrier materials. The aim of this work is to develop structural-functional integrated ZnO-doped dendritic porous silica (ZnO-DPS) and investigate the effects of filler morphology and formulations on the physicochemical and antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, and radiopacity of dental composites.
METHODS: Various ZnO-DPS particles (ZxUy) were synthesized with a one-pot self-assembly route by adjusting the amounts of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Z) and urea (U) in the microemulsion, respectively. Their morphology and structure were characterized by the electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms. The mechanical property of dental composites containing optimal Z0.5U1.8 and its bimodal fillers with silanized barium glass powder (BGP) were measured by a universal testing machine. The real-time degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, antibacterial rate, cytotoxicity, and radiopacity were further evaluated.
RESULTS: The optimal Z0.5U1.8 particles with complete spherical morphology and hierarchical porous structure were obtained. Functional bimodal fillers were further formulated to address the loading limitation of Z0.5U1.8 (10 wt%). Among all materials, the Z7B53 composite (Z0.5U1.8: BGP = 7:53, wt/wt, filler loading: 60 wt%) showed excellent mechanical performance, giving large improvements of 54.3 %, 272 %, and 18.8 % for flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength, respectively, compared with the unfilled resin. Meanwhile, this composite exhibited lower shrinkage (3.43 ± 0.01 %), higher radiopacity (1.60 mm Al), and better cell viability compared to the unfilled resin and the unimodal Z7B0. The antibacterial rate of Z7B53 is 93.0 ± 1.9 %.
SIGNIFICANCE: The preparation of ZnO-DPS particles and the design of unimodal and bimodal fillers could provide a better understanding of the relationship between filler formulations and composite properties.
METHODS: Various ZnO-DPS particles (ZxUy) were synthesized with a one-pot self-assembly route by adjusting the amounts of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Z) and urea (U) in the microemulsion, respectively. Their morphology and structure were characterized by the electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms. The mechanical property of dental composites containing optimal Z0.5U1.8 and its bimodal fillers with silanized barium glass powder (BGP) were measured by a universal testing machine. The real-time degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, antibacterial rate, cytotoxicity, and radiopacity were further evaluated.
RESULTS: The optimal Z0.5U1.8 particles with complete spherical morphology and hierarchical porous structure were obtained. Functional bimodal fillers were further formulated to address the loading limitation of Z0.5U1.8 (10 wt%). Among all materials, the Z7B53 composite (Z0.5U1.8: BGP = 7:53, wt/wt, filler loading: 60 wt%) showed excellent mechanical performance, giving large improvements of 54.3 %, 272 %, and 18.8 % for flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength, respectively, compared with the unfilled resin. Meanwhile, this composite exhibited lower shrinkage (3.43 ± 0.01 %), higher radiopacity (1.60 mm Al), and better cell viability compared to the unfilled resin and the unimodal Z7B0. The antibacterial rate of Z7B53 is 93.0 ± 1.9 %.
SIGNIFICANCE: The preparation of ZnO-DPS particles and the design of unimodal and bimodal fillers could provide a better understanding of the relationship between filler formulations and composite properties.