[Uncommon aetiology of peroneal compartment syndrome].

Compartment syndromes are well recognized following major trauma. However, although uncommon, they may occur following athletic activity. We report a case of acute exertional peroneal compartmental syndrome in a 32-year-old that developed following horse riding. Because of the ignorance of pathology, a regional analgesia was carried out resulting in delayed diagnosis. Postoperative electromyography showed the absence of a fibula nerve compound action potential. At one-year follow-up visit following decompressive fasciotomy, muscular strength of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment almost returned to normal. The presentation of this case of compartmental syndrome following horse riding allows to discuss the place of the regional anaesthesia. Because this anaesthesia technique can delay the diagnosis and the surgical treatment, it should not be used in first intention in the treatment of severe pain associated with compartmental syndrome.