[Neurosyphilis today].

Since there has been an increase in the number of patients suffering from syphilis during the last 2 decades, neurosyphilis has to be seriously considered in many unclear neurological cases. Atypical, often monosymptomatic clinical pictures make the diagnosis difficult. The exact analysis of the spinal fluid including antibodies against Treponema pallidum is necessary for the diagnosis. In contrast to former treatment schedules, now ultra high doses of penicillin are recommended and seem to be absolutely necessary.