Quantitative determination of embolization endpoints based on local arterial pressure.

This study aims to optimize the embolization endpoint to improve therapeutic outcomes in interventional procedures and minimize the risk of ectopic embolism caused by excessive embolic agent injection. Hemodynamic changes during embolization were simulated by modeling the terminal resistance vessels as a porous medium. An in vitro experimental platform has been developed to replicate the embolization process. Based on these simulations and experimental data, a quantitative method was established to evaluate the embolization endpoint using local arterial blood pressure. The method was further validated through renal artery embolization experiments in pigs. The quantitative method effectively predicted changes in local arterial pressure and flow rate, with an average error of approximately 1.65% in simulations and 3.09% in in vitro experiments. In animal studies, the pressure-based endpoint evaluation method closely aligned with imaging results, reducing the required embolic agent by an average of 17.86%. Local arterial blood pressure is considered a reliable criterion for determining the embolization endpoint, offering a relatively standardized and quantitative approach to embolization endpoint assessment. This method has significant clinical value in reducing radiation exposure and facilitating the automation of embolic agent injection procedures in the field of embolization therapy for solid tumors.