Low Ankle Sprains: A Current Review of Diagnosis and Treatment.

LLow ankle sprains are common injuries in young athletes. Hence, it is imperative that low ankle sprains are diagnosed and treated quickly and effectively. We reviewed the: (1) anatomy; (2) imaging; (3) physical exam findings; and (4) treatment modalities regarding these injuries. Plain radiographs are standard of care and routine MRI is not recommended for suspected sprains. However, physical exam findings often may guide management decisions. The majority of patients diagnosed with low ankle sprains are treated with a one- to two-week immobilization period with physical therapy focused on peroneal proprioception and strength. If a prolonged non-operative course fails, or there is gross instability upon physical exam (grade III sprain), surgical reconstruction may be considered and may lead to excellent outcomes. When low ankle sprains do occur, the great majority may be treated non-operatively. In the event that conservative modalities fail, surgical reconstruction may be considered with an open modified Brostrom reconstruction as the current standard of care.