Heliyon · 2024
A new anti-inflammatory lupane in Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Gaertn. var. hysudrica Edgew.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Shahwar Dure-E, Shehzadi N, Khan M Tanveer, Zia S, Saleem M, Akhtar S, Saghir Farhat, Iftikhar S, Mobashar A, Naheed S, Bukhari N I, Hussain K
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To investigate extracts of the stem bark of Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Gaertn. var. hysudrica Edgew. (Rhamnaceae) for anti-inflammatory activity and isolate the active principle(s).
METHODS: The dry powder was macerated separately in three types of solvents to prepare methanol extract (ME), ethyl acetate extract (EE), and chloroform extract (CE). Following in vitro anti-inflammatory screening, the most active extract was selected to isolate the active compound. Both, the active extract and isolated compound were further tested on rats using the carrageenan-induced inflammation model. The blood and paw tissue were subjected to qPCR, and histopathology, respectively.
KEY FINDINGS: CE showed comparatively higher anti-inflammatory activity (85.0-95.0 %) in all in vitro assays, except the heat-induced membrane stabilization model (p < 0.05), and upon column chromatography, it yielded a pure crystalline compound. The compound was a pentacyclic triterpenoid (Lupane), named as hydroxymethyl (3β)-3-methyl-lup-20(29)-en-28-oate (Hussainate). CE (500 mg/kg) and Hussainate (1.0 mg/kg) reduced edema in 5 h after carrageenan administration. The activity of Hussainate was found to be comparable to that of dexamethasone (standard). The possible activity mechanism was the downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-II), NF-κB, and IL-1β.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that chloroform extract of the stem's bark of Z. jujuba may be used to prepare standardized anti-inflammatory herbal products using Hussainate as an active analytical marker. Hussainate may be used as a lead to develop anti-inflammatory drugs.
METHODS: The dry powder was macerated separately in three types of solvents to prepare methanol extract (ME), ethyl acetate extract (EE), and chloroform extract (CE). Following in vitro anti-inflammatory screening, the most active extract was selected to isolate the active compound. Both, the active extract and isolated compound were further tested on rats using the carrageenan-induced inflammation model. The blood and paw tissue were subjected to qPCR, and histopathology, respectively.
KEY FINDINGS: CE showed comparatively higher anti-inflammatory activity (85.0-95.0 %) in all in vitro assays, except the heat-induced membrane stabilization model (p < 0.05), and upon column chromatography, it yielded a pure crystalline compound. The compound was a pentacyclic triterpenoid (Lupane), named as hydroxymethyl (3β)-3-methyl-lup-20(29)-en-28-oate (Hussainate). CE (500 mg/kg) and Hussainate (1.0 mg/kg) reduced edema in 5 h after carrageenan administration. The activity of Hussainate was found to be comparable to that of dexamethasone (standard). The possible activity mechanism was the downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-II), NF-κB, and IL-1β.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that chloroform extract of the stem's bark of Z. jujuba may be used to prepare standardized anti-inflammatory herbal products using Hussainate as an active analytical marker. Hussainate may be used as a lead to develop anti-inflammatory drugs.