Quality of life experiences of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a descriptive qualitative study from Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a key aspect of breast cancer care, encompassing patients' physical, emotional, and social well-being. Although survival rates have improved, chemotherapy's adverse effects continue to compromise quality of life. In Ethiopia, particularly in Tigray, limited data exist on HRQoL among breast cancer patients. This study explored the HRQoL of women undergoing chemotherapy at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from February to March 2020 among women receiving chemotherapy for at least six months. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eighteen purposively selected participants until data saturation was reached. Interviews were conducted in Tigrigna, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and reviewed for accuracy. Thematic content analysis using Open Code software identified key themes through collaborative coding and consensus. The study found significant physical limitations, with participants unable to engage in strenuous activities or walk long distances. Emotional well-being was deeply affected, with many expressing fear and distress about their prognosis. However, emotional stability improved with counseling and healthcare support. Social isolation was common, exacerbated by the financial burden of treatment. Participants also reported common chemotherapy side effects, including hair loss, fatigue, menstrual disturbances, and loss of appetite. Breast cancer patients in Tigray experience substantial declines in HRQoL due to treatment side effects, emotional strain, and financial hardship. Strengthening psychosocial support, counseling, and financial aid is vital to enhance coping, reduce anxiety, and improve overall quality of life.