Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025
Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels for viral and autoimmune encephalitis.
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Perlejewski Karol, Studnicka Dominika, Pawełczyk Agnieszka, Jurasz Henryk, Dzieciątkowski Tomasz, Paciorek Marcin, Zakrzewska-Pniewska Beata, Emmel Paulina, Horban Andrzej, Laskus Tomasz, Radkowski Marek
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) has been reported to be a valuable diagnostic biomarker in Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). However, its utility in the diagnostics of viral and autoimmune (AE) encephalitis still remains unclear.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We measured CXCL13 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from 21 patients with viral encephalitis (17 cases of herpes simplex viral (HSV) and 4 of enteroviral (EV) encephalitis) and 6 patients with AE (5 subjects with antibodies anti-NMDAR and 1 with anti-GABA) and compared them to those found in patients with LNB (7 subjects) and multiple sclerosis (8 cases) as well as ten control subjects without neuroinflammation.
RESULTS: Patients with neuroinflammation had a mean level of CXCL13-CSF of 105 pg/ml compared to 29 pg/ml in controls. The highest mean level of CXCL13 in CSF was detected in LNB patients (233 pg/ml), and the lowest in controls (29 pg/ml). Significant upregulation of CXCL13-CSF levels in LNB patients was observed in comparison to viral encephalitis and MS patients as well as controls. A positive correlation between elevated chemokine levels and cell count in CSF was found in all patients (r = 0.6496; p < 0.0001), as well as in the LNB group when tested alone (r = 0.8428; p = 0.0173). A positive correlation with CSF protein levels was observed in all patients (r = 0.7216; p < 0.0001), and separately in LNB (r = 0.8573; p = 0.0137) and AE patients (r = 0.8885; p = 0.0180).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the utility of CXCL13 measurements in CSF for LNB diagnosis. No specific patterns in CXCL13-CSF levels were associated with viral or autoimmune encephalitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We measured CXCL13 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from 21 patients with viral encephalitis (17 cases of herpes simplex viral (HSV) and 4 of enteroviral (EV) encephalitis) and 6 patients with AE (5 subjects with antibodies anti-NMDAR and 1 with anti-GABA) and compared them to those found in patients with LNB (7 subjects) and multiple sclerosis (8 cases) as well as ten control subjects without neuroinflammation.
RESULTS: Patients with neuroinflammation had a mean level of CXCL13-CSF of 105 pg/ml compared to 29 pg/ml in controls. The highest mean level of CXCL13 in CSF was detected in LNB patients (233 pg/ml), and the lowest in controls (29 pg/ml). Significant upregulation of CXCL13-CSF levels in LNB patients was observed in comparison to viral encephalitis and MS patients as well as controls. A positive correlation between elevated chemokine levels and cell count in CSF was found in all patients (r = 0.6496; p < 0.0001), as well as in the LNB group when tested alone (r = 0.8428; p = 0.0173). A positive correlation with CSF protein levels was observed in all patients (r = 0.7216; p < 0.0001), and separately in LNB (r = 0.8573; p = 0.0137) and AE patients (r = 0.8885; p = 0.0180).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the utility of CXCL13 measurements in CSF for LNB diagnosis. No specific patterns in CXCL13-CSF levels were associated with viral or autoimmune encephalitis.