The mechanisms and strategies for Alzheimer's disease prevention: An update.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, poses growing global health and socioeconomic challenges due to aging populations and limited therapeutic efficacy. Current treatments, including cholinesterase inhibitors and anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, can only delay disease progression without reversing pathology. Emphasizing on prevention, this review provides key updates on advancements in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and intervention of AD highlighting preventive strategies that can target modifiable risk factors. Key findings underscore the role of managing hypertension and diabetes, optimizing trace elements, vitamins, and regular physical exercise in mitigating the risk of AD. Biomarker-based early diagnosis and emerging therapies provide further support for proactive intervention. Future challenges include the long-term validation of preventive measures and policy-driven funding for large-scale cohort studies. Prioritizing prevention through lifestyle modifications, nutritional balance, and precision medicine is pivotal to reduce the burden of AD in aging societies.