[Newborn-child of substance dependent mother--always actual problem].

The adverse effects on fetal development of alcohol and other drugs such as tobacco, psychostimulants and opioids are well known. Women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant are therefore a high priority for interventions to reduce drug use. Substances discussed in this article include the licit substances (alcohol and tobacco), illicit substances (opioids and other drugs), and prescription medication known for its misuse (benzodiazepines and barbiturates). Other topics covered include breastfeeding, vertical transmission of blood-borne viruses, psychosocial issues, the management of neonatal abstinence syndrome and early childhood development.